Definition

Preposition হলো এমন একটি শব্দ, যা সাধারণত Noun বা Pronoun-এর আগে বসে এবং সেই Noun/Pronoun-এর সঙ্গে বাক্যের অন্যান্য শব্দের সম্পর্ক প্রকাশ করে।

Pre = আগে
Position = অবস্থান

অর্থাৎ, যে শব্দ Noun বা Pronoun-এর আগে বসে সম্পর্ক প্রকাশ করে, তাকে Preposition বলে।

উদাহরণ:

• The book is on the table.
• The boy is in the room.
• She came from Kolkata.

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Types of Preposition

ব্যবহারের ভিত্তিতে Preposition-কে প্রধানত ৯টি ভাগে ভাগ করা যায়—

1. Place Indicating Preposition
2. Time Indicating Preposition
3. Direction and Motion Indicating Preposition
4. Agency & Instrumentality Indicating Preposition
5. Cause, Reason & Purpose Indicating Preposition
6. Manner Indicating Preposition
7. Possession Indicating Preposition
8. Measure, Rate & Standard Indicating Preposition
9. Contrast & Concession Indicating Preposition

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1. Place Indicating Preposition

ব্যবহৃত Preposition

about, across, against, among, at, before, behind, below, beside, between, by, from, in, into, near, on, over, round, through, to, towards, under, up, upon, within

Examples

• Tarapada went about the whole world.
• Suddenly the boy ran across the road.
• Don’t lean against the railing.
• The man fell among thieves.
• The beggar is at the door.
• Lila is waiting behind Shila.
• There is a crack below the ceiling.
• Tanu sat beside Ranu.
• The flight plies between Kolkata and Delhi.
• Krishna stood by me.
• This train comes from Burdwan.
• Clouds are floating in the sky.
• The bus fell into a roadside ditch.
• Put the book on the table.
• Birds are flying over our heads.
• The earth moves round the sun.
• The military marched through the city.
• The play came to an end.
• The ship sailed towards Madagascar.
• Set the CPU under the table.
• She climbed up the hill.
• The book lies upon the table.
• Trees stand within the boundary wall.

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2. Time Indicating Preposition

ব্যবহৃত Preposition

after, at, before, behind, by, during, for, from, in, into, on, since, through, throughout, till, to, towards, under, until, with, within

Examples

• Rupsa came after 10 o’clock.
• Bidisha will come at an early date.
• Dipu arrived before Mitali.
• Leave the past behind.
• Finish the work by this month.
• Nobody visited him during his illness.
• He stayed away for many years.
• The course starts from 5th December.
• Sova will come in the evening.
• She worked into the night.
• The meeting is on Tuesday.
• I have waited since morning.
• The medicine worked through the night.
• Study throughout the year.
• Wait till tomorrow.
• It is ten minutes to four.
• Work will finish towards the end of the month.
• He reached home under ten minutes.
• Wait until the signal comes.
• She rises with the birds.
• Return the book within a month.
• We celebrate Christmas on Christmas Day.

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3. Direction & Motion Indicating Preposition

ব্যবহৃত Preposition

at, across, along, against, around, between, from, in, into, off, onto, out of, round, towards, to

Examples

• Throw stones at the frogs.
• The temple is across the river.
• Walk along the beach.
• Row against the stream.
• There is a moat around the castle.
• Stay between the two points.
• He came from school.
• The sun sets in the west.
• We got into the train.
• She fell off the bicycle.
• Panchu jumped onto the jetty.
• Choose one out of the alternatives.
• The planets move round the sun.
• She walked towards the station.
• He went to the club.

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4. Agency & Instrumentality Indicating Preposition

ব্যবহৃত Preposition

at, by, through, with

Examples

• He buys books at auctions.
• She sent the letter by post.
• The factory burned by fire.
• I heard it through a friend.
• We lost the match through poor defence.
• Cut the apple with a knife.
• He hit the dog with a stone.

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5. Cause, Reason & Purpose Indicating Preposition

ব্যবহৃত Preposition

at, for, from, of, through, with, under

Examples

• He was angry at the delay.
• This room is good for study.
• He takes medicine for cold.
• She suffers from malaria.
• He died of malaria.
• They are proud of Dhoni.
• I lost my purse through negligence.
• The child was shivering with fever.
• She spoke with tears in her eyes.
• He entered politics under the influence of Jayaprakash Narayan.
• He acted under the influence of drugs.
• He is under suspicion.

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6. Manner Indicating Preposition

ব্যবহৃত Preposition

by, with, in

Examples

• He escaped by inches.
• They fought with courage.
• She speaks in a loud voice.
• Payment is made by cheque.
• Pay in cash.

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7. Possession Indicating Preposition

ব্যবহৃত Preposition

by, of, on, with

Examples

• Keep a notebook by yourself.
• The heritage of India is rich.
• He is on his father’s business.
• Krishna likes women with brown eyes.
• The contribution of Rabindranath is unforgettable.

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8. Measure, Rate & Standard Indicating Preposition

ব্যবহৃত Preposition

at, by

Examples

• Interest is charged at 12%.
• Rekha is taller by 4 inches.
• She is older by five months.
• The stone missed by inches.
• He walks at a snail’s pace.

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9. Contrast & Concession Indicating Preposition

ব্যবহৃত Preposition

after, for, with

Examples

• After Virat Kohli’s brave effort, India lost.
• For all her hard work, she failed.
• For one supporter of Delhi, we have a hundred supporters here.

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Important Note

একই শব্দ কখনও Preposition, কখনও Adverb, আবার কখনও Adjective হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে। তাই কোনো শব্দ Preposition কি না তা নির্ধারণ করার জন্য তার বাক্যে ব্যবহারের ধরন (Usage) দেখতে হবে।

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Worked-out Examples

Fill in the blanks

Example 1

As the last of his song dies, the white-headed thrush bursts into an excited cry.

Example 2

A male peacock is dancing, his burnished tail raised like a fountain in the sunlight.

Example 3

At eight o’clock the zoo staff arrives.

Example 4

You go out into the cool fresh morning to see if all is right with the zoo.

Example 5

They gallop about on the floor with the high spirits of children just out of school.

Example 6

They want to throw stones at it or prod it with sticks to make it move.

Example 7

The uncivilized behaviour of some human beings in a zoo has to be seen to be believed.

Example 8

As you lie in bed, you watch through the window the moon separating itself from the shadow of the trees.

Example 9

He investigated his body in the hope of finding some ailment.

Example 10

Please auntie, I don’t want to stay home from school.

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Quick Revision

Place

in, on, at, under, over, beside, between, behind

Time

at, on, in, before, after, during, since, for, until

Direction

to, into, onto, from, towards, across, through

Agency

by, with, through

Reason

for, because of, from, of

Manner

by, with, in

Possession

of, with, by

Measure

at, by

Contrast

after, for, with

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Conclusion

Preposition ইংরেজি ব্যাকরণের একটি অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অংশ। এটি বাক্যের বিভিন্ন শব্দের মধ্যে সম্পর্ক প্রকাশ করে এবং বাক্যকে অর্থপূর্ণ করে তোলে। সঠিক Preposition ব্যবহার করতে হলে নিয়মগুলোর পাশাপাশি বিভিন্ন উদাহরণ নিয়মিত অনুশীলন করা প্রয়োজন।