Definition
ইংরেজি ভাষায় অনেক word-এর পরে নির্দিষ্ট preposition বসে, আর সেই preposition বদলালে বাক্যের অর্থও বদলে যায়। আবার কিছু verb, adjective বা noun-এর সঙ্গে নির্দিষ্ট preposition-ই ব্যবহৃত হয়। অর্থাৎ, কোনো শব্দের সঙ্গে কোন preposition বসবে তা অনেক সময় পূর্বনির্ধারিত থাকে। এই ধরনের ব্যবহারকে Appropriate Preposition বলা হয়।
উদাহরণ
- I go to school by bus.
- I am sitting in a bus.
- The boy is rushing to the bus.
- The girl is getting off the bus.
এখানে by, in, to, off—সবগুলোই আলাদা অর্থ প্রকাশ করছে।
Important Note
Appropriate Preposition মুখস্থ করা কঠিন মনে হতে পারে। তবে নিয়মিত পড়লে এবং উদাহরণসহ অনুশীলন করলে এগুলো সহজেই মনে থাকে। সবচেয়ে ভালো পদ্ধতি হলো বারবার ব্যবহার দেখে শেখা।
List of Common Appropriate Prepositions
নিচে কিছু বহুল ব্যবহৃত Appropriate Preposition অর্থসহ দেওয়া হলো।
1. Abide by / in / with
- Abide by = মেনে চলা
- Abide in = বাস করা
- Abide with = কারও সঙ্গে থাকা
Examples:
- We must abide by the rules.
- He abides in Kolkata.
- He abides with his uncle.
2. Accuse of
- Accuse of = অভিযুক্ত করা
Example:
- He was accused of theft.
3. Admit to / into
- Admit to = স্বীকার করা
- Admit into = ভর্তি করা / প্রবেশ করানো
Examples:
- He admitted to his mistake.
- The boy was admitted into the school.
4. Affection for
- Affection for = স্নেহ
Example:
- She has great affection for children.
5. Afraid of
- Afraid of = ভীত
Example:
- The child is afraid of the dark.
6. Agree with / to / on
- Agree with = ব্যক্তির সঙ্গে একমত হওয়া
- Agree to = প্রস্তাবে সম্মতি দেওয়া
- Agree on = কোনো বিষয়ে একমত হওয়া
Examples:
- I agree with him.
- They agreed to the proposal.
- We agreed on the matter.
7. Aim at
- Aim at = লক্ষ্য করা
Example:
- He aimed at the target.
8. Angry with / at / about
- Angry with = ব্যক্তির ওপর রাগ
- Angry at = কোনো ঘটনার কারণে রাগ
- Angry about = কোনো বিষয়ের জন্য রাগ
Examples:
- She is angry with me.
- He was angry at the delay.
- They are angry about the result.
9. Apology for
- Apology for = ক্ষমা প্রার্থনা
Example:
- He made an apology for his behavior.
10. Appeal to / for
- Appeal to = কারও কাছে আবেদন করা
- Appeal for = সাহায্য চাওয়া
Examples:
- He appealed to the judge.
- They appealed for help.
11. Apply for / to
- Apply for = কোনো জিনিসের জন্য আবেদন করা
- Apply to = কারও কাছে আবেদন করা / প্রযোজ্য হওয়া
Examples:
- He applied for the post.
- The rule applies to everyone.
12. Arrive at / in
- Arrive at = ছোট জায়গায় পৌঁছানো
- Arrive in = বড় জায়গায় বা দেশে পৌঁছানো
Examples:
- We arrived at the station.
- He arrived in Kolkata.
13. Associated with
- Associated with = যুক্ত
Example:
- He is associated with this company.
14. Attracted to / for / towards
- Attracted to = আকৃষ্ট হওয়া
- Attraction for = আকর্ষণ
- Towards = প্রতি আকর্ষণ
Examples:
- She is attracted to music.
- There is great attraction for the job.
15. Aware of
- Aware of = সচেতন
Example:
- I am aware of the problem.
16. Based on
- Based on = ভিত্তিক
Example:
- The story is based on real events.
17. Believe in
- Believe in = বিশ্বাস করা
Example:
- I believe in hard work.
18. Beneficial to
- Beneficial to = উপকারী
Example:
- Exercise is beneficial to health.
19. Beware of
- Beware of = সতর্ক থাকা
Example:
- Beware of dogs.
20. Blame for
- Blame for = দোষ দেওয়া
Example:
- He was blamed for the mistake.
21. Bound for
- Bound for = অভিমুখে যাত্রা করা
Example:
- The train is bound for Delhi.
22. Born in / of
- Born in = কোনো স্থানে জন্মগ্রহণ করা
- Born of = কোনো উৎস থেকে জন্মানো
Examples:
- He was born in India.
- Good ideas are born of experience.
23. Busy with
- Busy with = ব্যস্ত
Example:
- She is busy with her studies.
24. Call on / at / for / up
- Call on = কারও সঙ্গে সাক্ষাৎ করা
- Call at = কোনো স্থানে যাওয়া
- Call for = দাবি করা
- Call up = ফোন করা
Examples:
- I called on my friend.
- He called at my house.
- The situation calls for action.
- She called me up.
25. Capable of
- Capable of = সমর্থ
Example:
- He is capable of doing this work.
26. Care for / take care of
- Care for = পছন্দ করা / যত্ন নেওয়া
- Take care of = যত্ন নেওয়া
Examples:
- I care for classical music.
- She takes care of her mother.
27. Charge with / of
- Charge with = অভিযোগ আনা
- Charge of = দায়িত্বে থাকা
Examples:
- He was charged with theft.
- She is in charge of the class.
28. Close to
- Close to = ঘনিষ্ঠ / নিকটবর্তী
Example:
- The shop is close to my house.
29. Come to
- Come to = পৌঁছানো / চেতনায় ফেরা
Examples:
- He came to Kolkata.
- He came to himself.
30. Compare with / to
- Compare with = একই ধরনের জিনিসের তুলনা করা
- Compare to = ভিন্ন কিছুর সঙ্গে তুলনা করা
Examples:
- Compare this book with that one.
- He compared life to a journey.
31. Compete with / for
- Compete with = কারও সঙ্গে প্রতিযোগিতা করা
- Compete for = কিছুর জন্য প্রতিযোগিতা করা
Examples:
- He competed with his friend.
- They competed for the trophy.
32. Consist of / in
- Consist of = গঠিত হওয়া
- Consist in = নিহিত থাকা
Examples:
- The committee consists of five members.
- Happiness consists in contentment.
33. Contented with
- Contented with = সন্তুষ্ট
Example:
- He is contented with little.
34. Convert to / into
- Convert to = রূপান্তর করা
- Convert into = অন্য কিছুর মধ্যে বদলে দেওয়া
Examples:
- He converted to Islam.
- Water is converted into steam.
35. Cure of
- Cure of = রোগমুক্ত হওয়া
Example:
- He was cured of fever.
36. Deal in / with
- Deal in = ব্যবসা করা
- Deal with = কারও সঙ্গে ব্যবহার করা / কোনো বিষয় সামলানো
Examples:
- He deals in tea.
- The teacher deals with students kindly.
37. Deaf to
- Deaf to = শুনতে অনীহা
Example:
- He was deaf to all pleas.
38. Depend on
- Depend on = নির্ভর করা
Example:
- We depend on our parents.
39. Die of / from / for
- Die of = রোগের কারণে মারা যাওয়া
- Die from = কোনো কারণের ফলে মারা যাওয়া
- Die for = কোনো মহান উদ্দেশ্যে জীবন দেওয়া
Examples:
- He died of malaria.
- He died from injuries.
- Soldiers die for the country.
40. Differ from / with
- Differ from = পৃথক হওয়া
- Differ with = মতভেদ হওয়া
Examples:
- This book differs from that one.
- I differ with him on this point.
41. Disgusted at / with
- Disgusted at/with = বিরক্ত / ঘৃণিত
Example:
- He was disgusted with the behavior.
42. Due to
- Due to = কারণবশত / কারণে
Example:
- The delay was due to rain.
43. Eager for
- Eager for = আকুল / উৎসুক
Example:
- She is eager for success.
44. Eligible for
- Eligible for = যোগ্য
Example:
- He is eligible for the post.
45. Envious of
- Envious of = ঈর্ষাকাতর
Example:
- He is envious of his success.
46. Expert in / at
- Expert in = কোনো বিষয়ে বিশেষজ্ঞ
- Expert at = কোনো কাজে দক্ষ
Examples:
- She is expert in English.
- He is expert at drawing.
47. Famous for
- Famous for = বিখ্যাত
Example:
- Kolkata is famous for sweets.
48. Fond of
- Fond of = অনুরক্ত / ভালোবাসা
Example:
- He is fond of books.
49. Good at / for
- Good at = কাজে দক্ষ
- Good for = উপকারী / ভালো
Examples:
- She is good at math.
- Exercise is good for health.
50. Hope for
- Hope for = আশা করা
Example:
- We hope for the best.
51. Interested in
- Interested in = আগ্রহী
Example:
- I am interested in science.
52. Keen on / about
- Keen on = আগ্রহী
- Keen about = বিশেষ আগ্রহী
Examples:
- He is keen on football.
- She is keen about painting.
53. Loyal to
- Loyal to = বিশ্বস্ত
Example:
- He is loyal to his country.
54. Long for / after
- Long for / after = তীব্রভাবে কামনা করা
Example:
- She longs for peace.
55. Married to
- Married to = বিবাহিত
Example:
- She is married to a doctor.
56. Opposed to
- Opposed to = বিরোধী
Example:
- I am opposed to this plan.
57. Pleased at / with
- Pleased at = কোনো ঘটনায় খুশি
- Pleased with = কোনো ব্যক্তির কাজ বা জিনিসে খুশি
Examples:
- He was pleased at the news.
- She is pleased with the result.
58. Proud of
- Proud of = গর্বিত
Example:
- We are proud of our country.
59. Responsible for / to
- Responsible for = দায়ী
- Responsible to = কারও অধীন / কারও কাছে দায়বদ্ধ
Examples:
- He is responsible for the loss.
- She is responsible to the manager.
60. Satisfied with
- Satisfied with = সন্তুষ্ট
Example:
- I am satisfied with your answer.
61. Suffer from
- Suffer from = ভোগা
Example:
- He suffers from fever.
62. Sympathize with
- Sympathize with = সহানুভূতি দেখানো
Example:
- I sympathize with the poor.
63. Trust in / to
- Trust in = বিশ্বাস করা
- Trust to = বিশ্বাস অর্পণ করা
Examples:
- I trust in God.
- Trust this work to me.
64. Useful for / to
- Useful for = কোনো কাজের জন্য উপকারী
- Useful to = কারও জন্য উপকারী
Examples:
- This book is useful for exam preparation.
- This information is useful to students.
65. Warn against
- Warn against = সতর্ক করা
Example:
- He warned me against smoking.
66. Worthy of
- Worthy of = যোগ্য
Example:
- He is worthy of praise.
Important Rule
একই word কখনও Preposition, কখনও Adverb, আবার কখনও Adjective হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে। তাই বাক্যে word-টির usage দেখে তবেই তার part of speech নির্ধারণ করতে হবে।
Worked-Out Examples
1) Appropriate Prepositions in Sentences
- I go to school by bus.
- I am sitting in a bus.
- The boy is rushing to the bus.
- The girl is getting off the bus.
- Try to give up bad habits.
- Never give in without fight.
- Give these books away among the poor students.
- The book was placed on the table.
- The train comes from Burdwan.
- She is waiting for her friend.
- They are proud of their success.
- He is angry with me.
- The boy jumped over the wall.
- He fell into the ditch.
- The meeting will begin at 10 o’clock.
- She arrived in Kolkata yesterday.
- He lives at a small village.
- We walked along the road.
- He aimed at the target.
- The letter was sent by post.
Practice Sentences
- The city of Troy, having been captured, the Greeks began to feel pity for the dwellers of Troy.
- Rules are necessary for life and guidance.
- If a tree is allowed to grow, men will come and cut it down.
- English is an important language spoken all over the world.
- The little child is suffering from fever.
- Write an application in response to the advertisement.
- He is eligible for the post.
- It had been raining for three days.
- One day the poet was begging from door to door.
- Hard work is a key to success.
Conclusion
Appropriate Preposition English grammar-এর একটি অত্যন্ত গুরুত্বপূর্ণ অংশ। সঠিক preposition ব্যবহার sentence-এর meaning, clarity এবং correctness—সবকিছুই উন্নত করে। নিয়মের সঙ্গে নিয়মিত practice করলে এগুলো সহজেই আয়ত্ত করা যায়।
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